The Human Brain and Its Functions

The Human Brain and Its Functions 🧠

Brain Structure and Functions 🧠🔍

Forebrain: Contains the cerebrum, hypothalamus, pituitary gland, and olfactory lobe. 🧠
Midbrain: Includes the optic lobe. 👁️
Hindbrain: Consists of the medulla oblongata and cerebellum. ⚖️

Medulla Oblongata: Controls automatic processes like heart rate ❤️, breathing 🌬️, and reflexes. ⚡
Cerebellum: Coordinates movement and maintains posture. 🏃‍♂️
Hypothalamus: Regulates thirst 💧, hunger 🍔, and body temperature 🌡️, maintaining homeostasis.
Pituitary Gland: Connects the nervous and endocrine systems, releasing hormones. 💉
Cerebrum: Responsible for intelligence 🧠, memory 🧠💭, language 🗣️, and consciousness. 🌌

Nervous System vs. Endocrine System ⚡ vs. 💊

Nervous System	Endocrine System
Messages are electrical (nerve impulses) ⚡	Messages are chemical (hormones) 💊
Responses are localized 📍	Responses affect multiple organs 🌍
Quick and short-lived responses ⏱️	Temporary or long-lasting responses ⏳
Fast response time 🚀	Response time varies ⏲️

Drugs and Drug Abuse 💊🚫

A drug is any substance that alters metabolic reactions. Drugs can be medicinal 💊 or harmful ⚠️.

Dependency (Addiction): When the body cannot function normally without a drug. 🚫
Tolerance: Needing higher doses for the same effect. 📈
Withdrawal Symptoms: Physical symptoms from stopping an addictive drug. 😣

Stimulants (e.g., cocaine, caffeine, nicotine): Increase alertness, heart rate ❤️, and energy levels ⚡.
Depressants (e.g., alcohol, heroin): Reduce anxiety 😌 and pain, cause drowsiness 😴.
Hallucinogens (e.g., marijuana, LSD): Distort perception and reality 🌈.

Sense Organs and Their Functions 👀👂

The eye detects light 💡, allowing for vision 👀.

The ear detects sound 🔊 and helps maintain balance ⚖️.

Outer Ear: Collects and directs sound to the ear canal. 📡
Middle Ear: Amplifies sounds. 🔊
Inner Ear: Houses the cochlea (for hearing) and the vestibular apparatus (for balance). ⚖️